What is Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for?

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene. PVC is widely used in construction because it is durable, cheap, and easily worked. PVC production is expected to exceed 40 million tonnes by 2016.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this form, it is used in clothing and upholstery, electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many applications in which it replaces rubber.
Applications
PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications. It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal. With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it has become a popular material for window and door frames. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator. It has been used in many other applications.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables; PVC used for this purpose needs to be plasticized.
uPVC or rigid PVC is extensively used in the building industry as a low-maintenance material, particularly in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and in the United States. In the USA it is known as vinyl, or vinyl siding.[20][21] The material comes in a range of colors and finishes, including a photo-effect wood finish, and is used as a substitute for painted wood, mostly for window frames and sills when installing double glazing in new buildings, or to replace older single glazed windows. It has many other uses including fascia, and siding or weatherboarding. The same material has almost entirely replaced the use of cast iron for plumbing and drainage, being used for waste pipes, drainpipes, gutters and downspouts.
Plasticized PVC is also used to produce thin, colored, or clear, adhesive-backed films referred to simply as vinyl. These films are typically cut on a computer-controlled plotter or printed in a wide-format printer.
PVC has become widely used in clothing, to either create a leather-like material or at times simply for the effect of PVC. PVC clothing is common in Goth, Punk and alternative fashions. PVC is cheaper than rubber, leather, and latex which it is therefore used to simulate.
PVC has been used for a host of consumer products of relatively minor volume compared to the industrial and commercial applications described above.
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What is AKD Wax used for?

AKD Wax is a versatile chemical that easily reacts with substances containing hydrogen atoms in their structural make-up to form an adduct which is highly repellent to water. AKD is an outstanding size for various forms of cellulosic materials especially paper.
AKD Wax Emulsion uses the versatile chemical Alkyl Ketene Dimer or AKD. The chemical AKD in AKD wax emulsion easily reacts with substances containing hydrogen atoms in their structural make-up. This form an adducts with AKD wax emulsion which is highly repellent to water. AKD is an outstanding size for various forms of cellulosic materials, especially paper. Orient manufactures AKD Wax Emulsion and markets it as OPL AKD 15. The appearance of AKD wax emulsion is milky white emulsion.
AKD Wax by senior fatty acid(C≥12)by acylation,hydrogen and made of alkyl ketene dimers,This producs as neutral sizing agent used in the manufacture of powder,paper pulp neutral sizing agent and AKD emulsion.
Use:
Used for processing preparation AKD neutral sizing agent emulsion
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What is Dichloromethane used for?

Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a moderately sweet aroma is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is miscible with many organic solvents. It was first prepared in 1840 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who isolated it from a mixture of chloromethane and chlorine that had been exposed to sunlight.
Uses
Dichloromethane's volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes. Concerns about its health effects have led to a search for alternatives in many of these applications.
It is widely used as a paint stripper and a degreaser. In the food industry, it has been used to decaffeinate coffee and tea as well as to prepare extracts of hops and other flavorings. Its volatility has led to its use as an aerosol spray propellant and as a blowing agent for polyurethane foams.
The chemical compound's low boiling point allows the chemical to function as a heat engine that can extract movement from low grade temperatures. An example of a Dichloromethane heat engine is the drinking bird. The toy works at room temperature.
Dichloromethane chemically welds certain plastics. For example, it is used to seal the casing of electric meters. Often sold as a main component of plastic welding adhesives, it is also used extensively by model building hobbyists for joining plastic components together — it is commonly referred to as "Di-clo."
It is used in the garment printing industry for removal of heat-sealed garment transfers, and its volatility is exploited in novelty items — bubble lights and jukebox displays.
Dichloromethane is used in the material testing field of civil engineering; specifically it is used during the testing of bituminous materials as a solvent to separate the binder from the aggregate of an asphalt or macadam to allow the testing of the materials.
Toxicity
Dichloromethane is the least toxic of the simple chlorohydrocarbons, but it is not without health risks, as its high volatility makes it an acute inhalation hazard. Dichloromethane is also metabolized by the body to carbon monoxide potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Acute exposure by inhalation has resulted in optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Prolonged skin contact can result in the dichloromethane dissolving some of the fatty tissues in skin, resulting in skin irritation or chemical burns.
It may be carcinogenic, as it has been linked to cancer of the lungs, liver, and pancreas in laboratory animals. Dichloromethane crosses the placenta. Fetal toxicity in women who are exposed to it during pregnancy, however, has not been proven. In animal experiments, it was fetotoxic at doses that were maternally toxic but no teratogenic effects were seen.
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What is HOBt(mono hydrate) used for?

Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is mainly used to suppress racemization and improve the efficiency of peptide synthesis. It is a white crystalline powder. Commercial HOBt always contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal) because anhydrous HOBt is explosive.
Use of HOBt(mono hydrate)
Automated peptide synthesis involves the condensation of the amino group of protected amino acids with the activated ester. HOBt is used to produce such activated esters. These esters are insoluble (like the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and react with amines at ambient temperature to give amides.
HOBt is also used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids aside from amino acids. These substrates may not be convertable to the acyl chlorides. For instance amide derivatives of ionophoric antibiotics have been prepared in this way.
Together with laccase, HOBt is also used for bleaching pulps. The method is still on the experimental stage and have yet not been commercialized.
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What is Colloidal Silica used for?

Colloidal Silicas are suspensions of fine amorphous, nonporous, and typically spherical silica particles in a liquid phase.
Properties
Usually they are suspended in an aqueous phase that is stabilized electrostatically. Colloidal silicas exhibit particle densities in the range of 2.1 to 2.3 g/cm3.
Most colloidal silicas are prepared as monodisperse suspensions with particle sizes ranging from approximately 30 to 100 nm in diameter. Polydisperse suspensions can also be synthesized and have roughly the same limits in particle size. Smaller particles are difficult to stabilize while particles much greater than 150 nanometers are subject to sedimentation.
Colloidal silicas are most often prepared in a multi-step process where an alkali-silicate solution is partially neutralized, leading to the formation of silica nuclei. The subunits of colloidal silica particles are typically in the range of 1 to 5 nm. Whether or not these subunits are joined together depends on the conditions of polymerization. Initial acidification of a water-glass (sodium silicate) solution yields Si(OH)4.
Applications
In papermaking colloidal silica is used as a drainage aid. It increases the amount of cationic starch that can be retained in the paper. Cationic starch is added as sizing agent to increase the dry strength of the paper.
High temperature binders
Investment casting - used in moulds
An abrasive - for polishing silicon wafers
Carbonless paper
Catalysts
Moisture Absorbent
It increases the bulk & taped density of powder & granules also
Colloidal Silica is also be used in Lubrication of Tablet
Stabilizing and rigidizing refractory ceramic fiber (fiberfrax) blankets
Abrasion-resistant coatings
Increasing friction - used to coat waxed floors, textile fibers and railway tracks to promote traction
Antisoiling – fills micropores to prevent take up of dirt and other particles into textiles
Surfactant – used for flocculating, coagulating, dispersing, stabilizing etc.
Liquid silicon dioxide (colloidal silica) is used as a wine and juice fining agent.
Absorbent
Colloidal silica is used in concrete densifiers and polished concrete.
In manufacturing Quantum dots, small semi-conductors used in various scientific research settings.
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What is Bis tri-n-butyltin oxide?

Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, or tributyltin oxide (TBTO), is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative. Its chemical formula is C24H54OSn2. It has the form of a thin, colorless to pale yellow liquid with melting point -45 °C, boiling point 180 °C, and slight water solubility (20 ppm). It is combustible and soluble in organic solvents.
Bis tri-n-butyltin oxide is available under names AW 75-D, Bio-Met TBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9, Hexabutyldistannoxane, Hexabutylditin, and others.
Tributyltin oxide is a potent skin irritant.
Tributyltin compounds had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents. Concerns over toxicity of these compounds (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. It is now considered a severe marine pollutant.
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Specifications of Isopropyl chlorocarbonate

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate
CAS No.:108-23-6
Molecular formula:C4H7O2Cl
Molecular weight:122.55
Purity(HPLC):98%min,95%min
Appearance:Colourless liquid with stimulating smell
STORAGE: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.
Physical dangers
The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.
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What is 1,2,4-Triazole?

1,2,4-Triazole is one of a pair of isomeric chemical compounds with molecular formula C2H3N3, called triazoles, which have a five-membered ring of two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms. 1,2,4-Triazole is a basic aromatic heterocycle. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives find use in a wide variety of applications, most notably as antifungals such as fluconazole and itraconazole.
1,2,4-Triazoles can be prepared using the Einhorn-Brunner reaction or the Pellizzari reaction.
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Specifications of Fmoc-Thr-OH

Fmoc-Thr-OH
assay: ≥98.0% (sum of enantiomers, HPLC)
optical activity: [α]20/D −16±1°, c = 1% in DMF
storage temp.: 2-8°C
CAS #: 73731-37-0
Molecular Formula: C19H19NO
Appearance:White powder
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Specifications of H-Lys(Z)-OBzl TsoH

H-Lys(Z)-OBzl TsoH
CAS 40216-83-9
Chemical Formula: C6H11NO3•HCL
Full Name: L-trans- 4-Hydroxyproline methyl ester ...240... hydrochloride: salt
Molecular Weight:145.16•34.46g/mole
Appearance:white - off-white powder
Melting Point: 156-171
Optical Rotation: -25.0+/-3.0°
Synonyms: NSC88180
IUPAC name:benzyl 2-amino-6-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)hexanoate hydrochloride
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What is the structure of Aluminum chloride?

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine. It is white, but samples are often contaminated with iron trichloride, giving it a yellow colour. The solid has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium metal, but large amounts are also used in other areas of chemical industry. The compound is often cited as a Lewis acid. It is an example of an inorganic compound that "cracks" at mild temperature, reversibly changing from a polymer to a molecule.
Structure
Aluminum chloride adopts three different structures, depending on the temperature and the state (solid, liquid, gas). Solid AlCl3 is a sheet-like layered cubic close packed layers. In this framework, the Al centres exhibit octahedral coordination geometry. In the melt, aluminium trichloride exists as the dimer Al2Cl6, with tetracoordinate aluminium. This change in structure is related to the lower density of the liquid phase (1.78 g/cm3) vs solid aluminium trichloride (2.48 g/cm3). Al2Cl6 dimers are also found in the vapour phase. At higher temperatures, the Al2Cl6 dimers dissociate into trigonal planar AlCl3, which is structurally analogous to BF3. The melt conducts electricity poorly, unlike more ionic halides such as sodium chloride.
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Applications of Polyamide 12

Polyamide 12 is used in fiber optic cables primarily as an anti-termite protection cover. It is an excellent cover for the fiber optic cables when the installation area is prone to attack from termites.
Applications Polyamide 12
Automobile: fuel lines, hydraulic flexible pipes,
Trucks: air-brake tubing systems, pneumatic pipes,
Sport: shoes (cycling, golf, soccer, basketball),
Electrical industry: cable sheathing, electrical connection cabinet.
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What is Fmoc-Trp-OH?

Fmoc-Trp-OH
Molecular Formula:C26H22N2O4
CAS #:35737-15-6
Appearance: White to off-white microcrystalline powder
Assay: Not less than 99.0%
Specific Rotation [α]20/D: -27~-29°(C=1,DMF)
Melting Point (Celsius Degree): 183 -185℃(dec)
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Where to buy H-Tyr-OBzl·TosOH?

Cas No. 53587-11-4
Molecular Formula: C16H17NO3 · C7H8O3S
Molecular Weight: 443.5
Purity (HPLC) 98% min.
Appearance White to off white powder
Melting Point 178-182°
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What is Undecylenic acid?

Undecylenic acid is an organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from castor oil. It is the common name of the 10-undecenoic acid, (CH2CH(CH2)8COOH). It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and perfumery, including antidandruff shampoos, antimicrobial powders and as a musk in perfumes and aromas.
Uses
Undecylenic acid is a natural fungicide and is FDA approved in over-the-counter medications for skin disorders. It is the active ingredient in medications for skin infections, and relieves itching, burning, and irritation.
Undecylenic acid can be used in silicon-based biosensors. Monolayers can be made on bare silicon transducer surfaces with the help of covalent bonds between silicon atom and the double bonds of undecylenic acid. The carboxylic acid groups remain available for the conjugation of biomolecules such as DNA or proteins.
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Are you looking for Hyp-OMe HCl?

Synonyms: trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester; 4-HYDROXY-L-PROLINE METHYL ESTER HCl; H-HYP-OME HCL; H-L-HYP-OME HCL;
Molecular Formula: C6H12ClNO3
Molecular Weight: 181.6174
Appearance: Off-white powder
Melting Point: 156~171
Chemical Name: trans-L-Hydroxyproline methyl ester hydrochloride
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What is Fmoc-Val-OH

The Molecular formula of Fmoc-Val-OH is C20H21NO4. Detection of rat calcitonin gene related peptide by immunohistochemistry. Sample: Rat amygdala and spinal cord. Primary antibody: Anti-Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) Rabbit pAb (Cat. No. PC205L) (1:400). Detection: fluorescence.

Molecular weight: 339.4.

Purity(HPLC): 98.5% min.

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Melting point: 143~146 ℃

Specific rotation(20/D): -17o (c=1, DMF)

Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) is a chloroformate ester. It is used to introduce FMOC group as the FMOC carbamate.

Peptides International was founded by Dr. Arno F. Spatola in Louisville, Kentucky, USA in 1983. Specializing in a wide variety of high purity, biologically active peptides and peptide-related products and services, Peptides International manufactures and distributes biochemical products for major research institutions throughout the world.

Product/Service (We Sell): Optical Brightener,Dyestuff & Pigments,Soduim Glucoheptonate Dihydrate,Fatty Alcohol,Benzyl Benzoate,Fluorescent Whitening Agent.

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What is Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is a white, odorless powder with its melting point 105 °C(lit.) and boiling point 176 °C. It is water insoluble,highly flammable.passably deadly. It costs a inviolable oxidizer and is incompatible with reducing agents, acids, bases, alcohols, metals, organic materials.This  mathematical product should be stacked away at 2°C to 8°C. Benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment, for improving flour, for bleaching hair and teeth, for polymerising polyester and many other uses. While benzoyl peroxide is effective on its own, it can deliver even better results when used in conjunction with other acne-fighting ingredients or regimens, such as those found in Proactiv.

Benzoyl peroxide acne treatments are based on the antiseptic and bleaching properties of this potent substance. When the amount of bacteria is reduced, the number of breakouts on the skin is reduced as well. For teenagers and adults alike it is reckoned invulnerable to manipulation benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment, if you suffer from mild to moderate forms of acne. This core canful constitute exploited in combination with topical ointments or unwritten acne medications for a more severe manifestation of this skin disorder. This oxidizing power also dries out thickened sebum or fluid within the acne to help it heal without having to pop the acne.

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What is Isobutyronitrile Used for

Isobutyronitrile is established following review and consideration by the National Advisory Committee for AEGLs (NAC/AEGL) of public comments on Proposed AEGLs.

A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 47°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Examples are acetonitrile from acetic acid and benzonitrile from benzoic acid. The prefix,  'cyano-' is used as an alternative naming system to indicate the presence of a nitrile group in a molecule for the compounds of salts and organic derivatives of hydrogen cyanide (HC≌N). It is used as an organic solvent, in producing Insecticides, and as a gasoline additive (EPA - Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention). Interim AEGLs are available for use by organizations altho expecting Nuclear Regulatory Commission/atomic number 11* peer limited review and publication of Final AEGLs. Changes to Interim values and Technical Support Documents may occur prior to publication of Final AEGL values.

In some cases, revised Interim values may be branded during this cyberspace internet site, but the amended impermanent Technical Support Document for the chemical may be dependent to change. Isobutyronitrile is not listed as a WHO, as acutely toxic by the EPA, nor is it thought to be a Cholinesterase Inhibitor (PAN). It is considered to be a neurotoxicant and respiratory toxicant (Scorecard).

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The Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride

Poly(vinyl chloride) is the plastic known at the hardware store as PVC. This is the PVC from which pipes are constructed, and PVC shriek is everywhere. The plumbing in your house is probably PVC pipe, unless it's an older house. PVC pipe is what rural high schools with small budgets employment to make goal posts for their football fields. It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used costing phthalates. Inward this form, it constitutes used incoming clothing and upholstery, electrical cable insularism, inflatable intersections and several coverings inwards which it replaces rubber.

But there's more to PVC than just pipe. The "vinyl" siding used on houses is made of poly(vinyl chloride). Inside the house, PVC is expended to construct linoleum for the knock down. In the seventies, PVC was often used to make vinyl car tops.

Polyvinyl chloride, better known as PVC or vinyl, is an inexpensive plastic so versatile it has become completely pervasive in modern society. The list of products made from polyvinyl chloride is exhaustive, ranging from phonograph records to drainage and potable piping, water system bottles, cleave motion-picture show, credit boards and toys.  Because of its water ohmic resistance they're used to make raincoats and shower curtains, and of course, H2O pipages. It consumes flame ohmic resistance, excessively, because it contains chlorine. When you try to burn PVC, chlorine atoms are released, and chlorine atoms inhibit combustion.

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