Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is a colorless and odorless solution of hydrogen chloride and water. Hydrochloric Acid in its concentrated form is also commonly known as HCl, Muriatic Acid and Fuming Hydrochloric Acid. All these names refer to essentially the same material. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations may also cause dental discoloration and erosion. EPA has not classified hydrochloric acid for carcinogenicity.
Large-scale production of Hydrochloric Acid was first developed around the time of the Industrial Revolution and today Hydrochloric Acid is one of the most important acids in industry. Once commonly referred to as muriatic acid or spirit of salt, this acid is a highly corrosive chemical compound with several applications in industry. Hydrocholoric acid is a clear, poisonous liquid. It is highly corrosive, which means it immediately causes severe damage, such as burning, on contact. Acute oral exposure may cause corrosion of the mucous membranes, esophagus, and stomach and dermal contact may produce severe burns, ulceration, and scarring in humans. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure to hydrochloric acid has been reported to cause gastritis, chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, and photosensitization in workers.
Hydrochloric Acid has an interesting history which can be traced back to the Middle Ages when it was used by alchemists who were trying to trace the philosopher's stone. It is also found in diluted amounts in the stomach of humans and animals as gastric acid. clear colourless or slightly yellow liquid with pungent odour. Concentrated acid is fuming. Melting point: -25 C.
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