Specifications of CBZ-Cl

CBZ-Cl
Synonym: Z-Cl; Cbz-Cl;Benzyl Chloroformate:Carboobenzoxy Chloride
CAS NO.:501-53-1
Molecular formula:ClCO2CH2C6H5
Molecular weight:170.59
Appearance:Pale yellow and clear liquid
CBZ-Cl is the benzyl ester of chloroformic acid. It is aswell accepted as benzyl chlorocarbonate and is an adipose aqueous whose blush is anywhere from chicken to colorless. It is aswell accepted for its acid odor. When heated, benzyl chloroformate decomposes into phosgene and if it comes in acquaintance with baptize it produces toxic, acerb fumes.
Benzyl chloroformate is acclimated in amoebic amalgam for the addition of the carboxybenzyl (Cbz or Z) attention accumulation for amines
The anew formed Cbz attention accumulation can be removed beneath reductive conditions. Typically hydrogen gas and activated aegis on carbon is used.
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What is the uses of Dichloromethane

Dichloromethane (DCM) — or methylene chloride — is an amoebic admixture with the blueprint CH2Cl2. This colorless, airy aqueous with a moderately candied balm is broadly acclimated as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is miscible with abounding amoebic solvents.
DCM is produced by alleviative either methyl chloride or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. At these temperatures, both methane and methyl chloride abide a alternation of reactions bearing progressively added chlorinated products. The achievement of these processes is a admixture of methyl chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. These compounds are afar by distillation.
Uses
v's animation and adeptness to deliquesce a advanced ambit of amoebic compounds makes it a advantageous bread-and-butter for abounding actinic processes. Concerns about its bloom furnishings accept led to a seek for alternatives in abounding of these applications.
It is broadly acclimated as a acrylic stripper and a degreaser. In the aliment industry, it has been acclimated to decaffeinate coffee and tea as able-bodied as to adapt extracts of hops and added flavorings. Its animation has led to its use as an aerosol aerosol propellant and as a alarming abettor for polyurethane foams.
The actinic compound's low baking point allows the actinic to action as a calefaction engine that can abstract movement from low brand temperatures. An archetype of a DCM calefaction engine is the bubbler bird. The toy works at allowance temperature.
DCM chemically welds assertive plastics. For example, it is acclimated to allowance the case of electric meters. Often awash as a capital basic of artificial adjustment adhesives, it is aswell acclimated abundantly by archetypal architecture hobbyists for abutting artificial apparatus calm — it is frequently referred to as "Di-clo."
It is acclimated in the apparel press industry for abatement of heat-sealed apparel transfers, and its animation is exploited in change items — balloon lights and jukebox displays.
DCM is acclimated in the actual testing acreage of civilian engineering; accurately it is acclimated during the testing of bituminous abstracts as a bread-and-butter to abstracted the adhesive from the accumulated of an city or macadam to acquiesce the testing of the materials.
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Where to get Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH?

Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
CAS No.:71989-38-3
Molecular formula:C28H29NO5
Molecular weight:459.55
Description
Purity (HPLC):98.5% min
Appearance:White powder
Melting point:146~148℃
Specific rotation(20/D): -27o (c=1, DMF)
Fmoc-amino acid Wang resins are prepared using special proprietary procedures that minimize racemization. For more information about pre-loaded Wang resins and other resins for peptide synthesis, please call us at 888.692.9111 or click here.
t-Boc amino acid derivatives had been used dominantly for the SPPS until the Fmoc chemistry was introduced to overcome the t-Boc chemistry problems, repetitive TFA treatment which might catalyze the side reactions and cleave the peptide chain prematurely. In Fmoc synthesis, the growing peptide is subjected to mild base treatment using piperidine to remove the Fmoc group, and TFA is required only for the final deprotection and cleavage from the resin. The comparison experiments between Fmoc and t-Boc approache indicate that Fmoc chemistry is more reliable and tends to give the desired peptides in better purities.
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What is Hydrazine hydrate used for?

Hydrazine hydrate
CAS:7803-57-8
Molecular Formula:H6N2O
Molecular Weight: 50.06g/mol
Description
Hydrazine hydrate is colorless fuming liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor.The melting point is −51.7 °C(lit.)  and the  boiling point is 120.1 °C(lit.).It is water soluble and will fume in air.It is toxic and corrosive to tissue.
Hydrazine (also called diazane) is an inorganic compound with the formula N2H4. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. Approximately 260,000 tons are manufactured annually.[5] Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion.
Applications
The majority use of hydrazine is as a precursor to blowing agents. Specific compounds include azodicarbonamide and azobisisobutyronitrile, which yield 100-200 mL of gas per gram of precursor. In a related application, sodium azide, the gas-forming agent in air bags, is produced from hydrazine by reaction with sodium nitrite.
Hydrazine is also used as a propellant on board space vehicles, and to both reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen in and control pH of water used in large industrial boilers. The F-16 fighter jet uses hydrazine to fuel the aircraft's emergency power unit.
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Specifications of Fmoc-Trp-OH

Fmoc-Trp-OH
CAS No.:35737-15-6
Molecular formula:C26H22N2O4
Molecular weight:426.5
Description of Fmoc-Trp-OH
Purity (HPLC):98.5% min.
Appearance:White powder
Melting point:184~186 ℃
Specific rotation(20/D):28o (c=1, DMF)
Solid appearance peptide amalgam (SPPS) has been the a lot of able adjustment for the alertness of peptides back its addition in 1963 by Bruce Merrifield. The t-Boc amino acerbic derivatives had been acclimated dominantly for the SPPS until the Fmoc allure was alien to affected the t-Boc allure problems, repetitive TFA analysis which ability activate the ancillary reactions and carve the peptide alternation prematurely. In Fmoc synthesis, the growing peptide is subjected to balmy abject analysis application piperidine to abolish the Fmoc group, and TFA is appropriate alone for the final deprotection and break from the resin. The allegory abstracts amid Fmoc and t-Boc approache announce that Fmoc allure is added reliable and tends to accord the adapted peptides in bigger purities.
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How to get Fmoc-Val-OH?

Fmoc-Val-OH
CAS No.:68858-20-8
Molecular formula:C20H21NO4
Molecular weight:339.4
Purity(HPLC):98.5% min.
Fmoc-Val-OH is white crystalline powder with melting point of 143~146 ℃. Specific rotation(20/D) is -17o (c=1, DMF).
Fmoc-Val-OH is a solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)that has been the most efficient method for the preparation of peptides since its introduction in 1963 by Bruce Merrifield. The t-Boc amino acid derivatives had been used dominantly for the SPPS until the Fmoc chemistry was introduced to overcome the t-Boc chemistry problems, repetitive TFA treatment which might catalyze the side reactions and cleave the peptide chain prematurely. In Fmoc synthesis, the growing peptide is subjected to mild base treatment using piperidine to remove the Fmoc group, and TFA is required only for the final deprotection and cleavage from the resin. The comparison experiments  between Fmoc and t-Boc approache indicate that Fmoc chemistry is more reliable and tends to give the desired peptides in better purities.
Attaching the first amino acid to the resin requires special protocols, and racemization of the Fmoc-amino acid can result when special precautions are not taken. Using pre-loaded Fmoc-amino acid Wang resins save time and effort.
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Where to find PEP-carboxylase?

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase, PEPCase, or PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate. This reaction is used for carbon fixation in so-called "CAM" and "C4" plants where it plays a key role in photosynthesis. The enzyme is also found in some bacteria, but not in animals or fungi.
After conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase, PEP carboxylase assimilates the available bicarbonate into a four-carbon compound (oxaloacetate, which is further converted to malate) that can be stored or shuttled between plant cells. This allows for a separation of initial carbon fixation by contact with air and secondary carbon fixation into sugars by RuBisCO during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
In succulent CAM plants adapted for growth in very dry conditions, PEP carboxylase fixes bicarbonate during the night when the plant opens its stomata to allow for gas exchange. During the day time, the plant closes the stomata to preserve water and releases CO2 inside the leaf from the storage compounds produced during the night. This allows the plants to thrive in dry climates by conducting photosynthesis without losing water through open stomata during the day.
In C4 plants, for example maize, PEP carboxylase fixes bicarbonate in the mesophyll cells of the leaf and the resulting four-carbon compound, malate, is shuttled into the bundle sheath cells where it releases CO2 for fixation by RuBisCO. Thus, the two processes are separated spatially, allowing for RuBisCO to operate in a low-oxygen environment to circumvent photorespiration. Photorespiration occurs due to the inherent oxygenase activity of RuBisCO in which the enzyme uses oxygen instead of carbon dioxide without incorporating carbon into sugars or generating ATP. As such, it is a wasteful reaction for the plant. By comparison, C4 carbon fixation via PEP carboxylase is more efficient.
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What is Glucose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp?

Glucose dehydrogenase is an NAD(P)-dependent enzyme obtained from the genus Pseudomonas, which is stable to heat up to 50° C. and permits use of both NAD and NADP as a coenzyme, and is useful as an enzyme for clinical use.
The enzyme has activity at a temperature of from about 30.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. at a pH of from about pH 6 to about pH 10 and has an optimum activity at a temperature from about 50.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C. at a pH of from about 8.5 to about 9.0. The enzyme is further characterized by retaining at least 90% residual activity after treatment at 50.degree. C. for 15 minutes, being NAD or NADP dependent, having a molecular weight of about 101,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration using TSK gel, having an isoelectric point of about 4.5 by ampholyte isoelectric focusing, and having a specificity for at least .beta.-D-glucose and 2-deoxyglucose.
In enzymology, a glucose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ \rightleftharpoons D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are beta-D-glucose, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are D-glucono-1,5-lactone, NADH, NADPH, and H+.
Glucose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is beta-D-glucose:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include D-glucose dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+), and hexose phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway.
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What is Polyvinylidene fluoride used for?

Polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a highly non-reactive and pure thermoplastic fluoropolymer.
PVDF is a specialty plastic material in the fluoropolymer family; it is used generally in applications requiring the highest purity, strength, and resistance to solvents, acids, bases and heat and low smoke generation during a fire event. Compared to other fluoropolymers, it has an easier melt process because of its relatively low melting point of around 177 °C.
It has a low density (1.78) and low cost compared to the other fluoropolymers. It is available as piping products, sheet, tubing, films, plate and an insulator for premium wire. It can be injected, molded or welded and is commonly used in the chemical, semiconductor, medical and defense industries, as well as in lithium ion batteries. It is also available as a crosslinked closed cell foam, used increasingly in aviation and aerospace applications.
Properties
Polyvinylidene fluoride has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about −35 °C and is typically 50–60% crystalline. To give the material its piezoelectric properties, it is mechanically stretched to orient the molecular chains and then poled under tension. PVDF exists in several forms: alpha (TGTG'), beta (TTTT), and gamma (TTTGTTTG') phases, depending on the chain conformations as trans (T) or gauche (G) linkages. When poled, PVDF is a ferroelectric polymer, exhibiting efficient piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. These characteristics make it useful in sensor and battery applications. Thin films of PVDF are used in some newer thermal camera sensors.
Unlike other popular piezoelectric materials, such as PZT, PVDF has a negative d33 value. Physically, this means that PVDF will compress instead of expand or vice versa when exposed to the same electric field.
Applications
PVDF is commonly used as insulation on some kinds of electrical wires, because of its combination of flexibility, low weight, low thermal conductivity, high chemical corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Most of the narrow 30-gauge wire used in wire wrap circuit assembly and printed circuit board rework is PVDF-insulated. In this use the wire is generally referred to as "Kynar wire", from the trade name.
The piezoelectric properties of PVDF are used to advantage to manufacture tactile sensor arrays, inexpensive strain gauges and lightweight audio transducers. Piezoelectric panels made of PVDF are used on the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter, a scientific instrument of the New Horizons space probe that measures dust density in the outer solar system.
In the biomedical sciences PVDF is used in immunoblotting as an artificial membrane, usually with 0.22 or 0.45 micrometres pore sizes, on which proteins are transferred using electricity (see western blotting). PVDF is resistant to solvents and, therefore, these membranes can be easily stripped and reused to look at other proteins, making it very convenient.
Polyvinylidene fluoride is used for specialty monofilament fishing lines, sold as fluorocarbon replacements for nylon monofilament. Optical density is lower than nylon, which makes the line less discernible. The surface is harder, so it is more resistant to abrasion and sharp fish teeth. It is also denser than nylon, making it sink faster.
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What is Fmoc-Val-OH?

Fmoc-Val-OH
CAS No.:68858-20-8
Molecular formula:C20H21NO4
Molecular weight:339.4
Purity(HPLC):98.5% min.
Appearance:White crystalline powder
Melting point:143~146 ℃
Specific rotation(20/D): -17o (c=1, DMF
The Fmoc group of Fmoc amino acids is acid stable but is removed with a base through a β-elimination reaction. The Fmoc group of Fmoc amino acids is less labile to primary amines than secondary amines, thus minimizing premature Fmoc deprotection by the N-terminal amine of the deprotected peptide intermediate. Fmoc amino acids are typically deprotected using piperidine, which also scavenges the reactive dibenzofulvene byproduct of Fmoc cleavage. In cases of sluggish deblocking of Fmoc amino acids, DBU may be used to remove the protecting group with added piperidine to scavenge the dibenzofulvene byproduct. DBU promotes aspartimide formation, and it should be used cautiously when the peptide contains aspartic acid residues. Alternatively in difficult sequences, using piperidine/DMF (1:4) with mild heating at 45°C can be effective
By the early 1990s, Fmoc amino acids were as popular as Boc amino acids for peptide synthesis. The Fmoc amino acid protecting group was developed by Carpino in 1970 (Carpino and Han, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 5748-9), and he soon developed solid phase peptide synthesis protocols utilizing Fmoc amino acids. The strong UV absorbance of the Fmoc amino acids and the Fmoc cleavage byproducts allow solid phase peptide synthesis reactions to be easily monitored by photometry. In the late 1970s, automated peptide synthesizers with reaction monitoring capabilities based on measuring Fmoc absorption were introduced. In spite of their high cost, Fmoc amino acids gained popularity. By the 1980s, Fmoc amino acids were very popular. Adding to the popularity of Fmoc amino acids in solid phase peptide synthesis is that TFA-labile resins could be used, thus eliminating the need to utilize HF and special HF cleavage equipment. As the popularity and use of Fmoc amino acids increased, prices of Fmoc amino acids dropped. Since then, Fmoc amino acids have quickly become one of the standards for solid phase peptide synthesis.
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What is Hydrochloric acid?

Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, that is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. It is found naturally in gastric acid.
Historically called muriatic acid, and spirits of salt, hydrochloric acid was produced from vitriol (sulfuric acid) and common salt. It first appeared during the Renaissance, and then it was used by chemists such as Glauber, Priestley and Davy in their scientific research.
With major production starting in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced annually.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes. The application often determines the required product quality.
Hydrochloric acid is used for a large number of small-scale applications, such as leather processing, purification of common salt, household cleaning, and building construction. Oil production may be stimulated by injecting hydrochloric acid into the rock formation of an oil well, dissolving a portion of the rock, and creating a large-pore structure. Oil well acidizing is a common process in the North Sea oil production industry.
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One kind of Polyamide---Polyamide 11

Polyamide 11 (PA 11) or Nylon 11 is a polyamide bioplastic derived from vegetable oil. It is produced by Arkema under the tradename Rilsan from castor beans. PA 11 is not biodegradable.
Its properties are similar to PA12, although it has a lower environmental impact, consumes less non-renewable resources to be produced and has superior thermal resistance. It is weaker but more resilient than the most common types of Nylon (6 and 6/6). It is used in high-performance applications such as automotive fuel lines, pneumatic airbrake tubing, electrical anti-termite cable sheathing, oil and gas flexible pipes and control fluid umbilicals, sports shoes, electronic device components, and catheters.
Polyamides offer a balance of critical thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as high service temperatures, exceptional chemical resistance, and great impact strength, just to name a few. While Polyamides may not be the elite performer in any one physical property individually, the combination of Rilsan® polyamides' exceptional properties overcomes the “downsides” that accompany many other engineering resins.
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Specifications of TATU

TATU
CAS: 873798-09-5
Molecular formula:C10H15BF4N6O
Molecular weight:322.09
Chemical name: O(7Azabenzotriazole1yl)NNN'N'tetramethyluronium tetrafluobate
TATU is white crystalline powder and Melt at 206 ℃ min. Its Purity is  99.0% min (HPLC).
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Specifications of Phenyl chloroformate

Phenyl chloroformate (Chloroformic Acid, Phenyl Ester) is a reactive chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products.
CAS Number: 1885-14-9
Molecular Weight: 156.57
Molecular Formula: ClCOOC6H5
Specifications of Phenyl chloroformate
Physical Appearance: Colourless or slightly yellowish liquid
vapor density 1 (vs air)
vapor pressure 1.22 psi ( 20 °C),1.67 psi ( 55 °C)
assay 97%
refractive index n20/D 1.511(lit.)
bp 74-75 °C/13 mmHg(lit.)
density 1.248 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
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What is Acrylic Monomers used for?

Acrylic Monomers are probably the most versatile family of monomers. They can be used to prepare polymers with rigid, flexible, ionic, nonionic, hydrophobic, or hydrophilic properties. The monomers are classified into 9 groups based on composition and functionality. They are polymerized primarily by a free radical process, and to a lesser extent by anionic polymerization.
Acrylic acid is an industrial intermediate product, which is produced through selective gas phase oxidation of propylene. The different Acrylic acid qualities from Standard or Ester grade to high purity grade can be either polymerized directly to polyacrylates or can be converted into acrylate ester (Acrylates) which are then subsequently polymerized. Many consumer products like adhesives, paints, binding agents and printing inks are Acrylic acid based.
Applications of Acrylic Monomers
Adhesives, Appliance Coatings, Asphalt Modifiers, Automotive Aftermarket Applications; Automotive and Truck Enamels; Coil and Can Coatings, Marine and Maintenance Finishes, Printing Inks
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Descriptions of Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH

Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH
CAS No.:71989-14-5
Molecular formula:C23H25NO6
Molecular weight:411.46
Description of Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH
Purity(HPLC):98.5% min
Appearance:White powder
Melting point:148~152 ℃ (dec.)
Specific rotation(20/D): -24±2o (c=1, DMF)
Specific Rotation (20/D) -23±2o (c=1, DMF)
Composition C: 67.14%; H: 6.12%; N: 3.40%
Enantiomeric Purity 0.2%
IR Spectrum Identical to reference
Loss on drying     < 0.1%
TLC  99.5% min.
Water < 0.1%
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What is Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH?

Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
CAS No.:71989-38-3
Molecular formula:C28H29NO5
Molecular weight:459.55
Purity (HPLC):98.5% min
Appearance:White powder
Melting point:146~148℃
Specific rotation(20/D): -27o (c=1, DMF)
Description of Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
Besides a large selection of tyrosine derivatives, Bachem offers derivatives of O-alkylated tyrosines, phosphotyrosine and sulfotyrosine. See also Thyronine.
Bachem additionally offers derivatives of [15N]Tyr, please see the family "[15N]-Amino Acid Derivatives".
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Advantages of Polyamide 12

Advantages of Polyamide 12
Very flexible, good abrasion resistance, good-notched izod impact strength and better elongation at break compared with unmodified polyamide 12.
Disadvantages
Reduced heat distortion temperature, increased coefficient of linear expansion and poor electrical characteristics compared with unmodified polyamide 12.
Applications
Damping cogwheels, protective coverings, ski boots, tubing and profiles for the automotive industry. Flexible piping for air ducts and petrol and oil pipes for the automotive and machine building industries. Flexible cover caps. Sealing rings, sheet gaskets, diaphragms, cable fasteners, soles for sports shoes.
Polyamide 12 is a high-performance polyamide continuously developed by Arkema for more than 40 years. Polyamide 12 resins are specified in the most demanding applications due to their unique combination of thermal, physical, chemical and mechanical properties.Its good value for money makes it a material of choice for applications where safety, durability or reliability are critical. It is used around the world in many demanding industries.
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Specifications of Fmoc-Val-OH

Fmoc-Val-OH
CAS No.:68858-20-8
Molecular formula:C20H21NO4
Molecular weight:339.4
Specification of Fmoc-Val-OH
Purity(HPLC):98.5% min.
Appearance:White crystalline powder
Melting point:143~146 ℃
assay 98%
optical activity  [α]20/D −17°, c = 1 in DMF
mp 143-145 °C(lit.)
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What is HOAT?

HOAT
CAS Number: 39968-33-7
Molecular Weight: 136.11
Molecular Formula: C5H4N4O
Physical Appearance: White Solid
Solubility: Soluble in Methanol and Water
concentration 0.5-0.7 M in DMF
refractive index n20/D 1.4390
1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, commonly abbreviated HOAt, is a triazole used as a peptide coupling reagent. It suppresses the loss of chirality.
1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-hydroxy-7-aza-benzotriazole (HOAt) are substances that react with the O-acylurea to form active esters. HOAt is a condensation additive in peptide synthesis. It efficiently speeds up coupling process, reduces the loss of chiral integrity, and provides a visual indication (yellow to colorless) of the reaction course.
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Description of n-Butyl chloroformate

Description of n-Butyl chloroformate
N-Butyl chloroformate is a achromatic liquid. Flash point abreast 70°F. Very baneful by inhalation. Denser than water. Used to accomplish added chemicals.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and baneful hydrogen chloride and phosgene may be formed.
Behavior in Fire: Breath is added than air and may biking a ample ambit to a antecedent of agitation and flashback.
Health Hazard of n-Butyl chloroformate
Inhalation of breath irritates adenoids and throat and can could could cause delayed pulmonary edema. Aqueous irritates eyes and causes astringent derma burns and irreversible derma accident if accustomed to remain. Can could could cause blindness. Ingestion causes burns of aperture and stomach.
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Uses of Vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride is the organochloride with the blueprint H2C:CHCl. It is aswell alleged vinyl chloride monomer, VCM or chloroethene. This achromatic admixture is an important automated actinic chiefly acclimated to aftermath the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). At ambient burden and temperature, vinyl chloride is a gas with a ailing candied odor. It is awful toxic, combustible and carcinogenic.
Vinyl chloride is produced on a abundant calibration - about 31.1 actor bags (7.5 Bel tons) were produced in 2000. Two methods are employed, the hydrochlorination of acetylene and the dehydrochlorination of ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane).
Uses
Vinyl chloride is a actinic intermediate, not a final product. Due to the chancy attributes of vinyl chloride to animal bloom there are no end articles that use vinyl chloride in its monomer form. Polyvinyl chloride is actual stable, storable, and boilerplate abreast as acutely chancy as the monomer.
Vinyl chloride aqueous is fed to polymerization reactors area it is adapted from a monomer to a polymer PVC. The final artefact of the polymerization action is PVC in either a cell or pellet form. From its cell or pellet anatomy PVC is awash to companies that calefaction and cast the PVC into end articles such as PVC aqueduct and bottles. Tens of billions of pounds of PVC are awash on the all-around bazaar anniversary year.
Until 1974, vinyl chloride was acclimated in aerosol aerosol propellant. Prior to the abatement of vinyl chloride from hair aerosol the accession of vinyl chloride breath in hair salons may accept exceeded the NOAEL acknowledgment guidelines.
Vinyl chloride was briefly acclimated as an inhalational anaesthetic, in a agnate attitude to ethyl chloride, admitting its toxicity affected this convenance to be abandoned.
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Uses of Butanol

Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is a primary alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of C4H9OH. It belongs to the higher alcohols and branched-chain alcohols.
It is primarily used as a solvent, as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel.
Like many alcohols, butanol is considered toxic. It has shown low order of toxicity in single dose experiments to laboratory animals. and is considered safe enough for use in cosmetics. Brief, repeated overexposure with the skin can result in depression of the central nervous system, as with other short-chain alcohols. Exposure may also cause severe eye irritation and moderate skin irritation. The main dangers are from prolonged exposure to fumes. In extreme cases this includes suppression of the central nervous system and even death. Under most circumstances, butanol is quickly metabolized to carbon dioxide. It has not been shown to damage DNA or cause cancer.
Uses
Butanol is considered as a potential biofuel (butanol fuel). Butanol at 85 percent strength can be used in cars designed for gasoline (petrol) without any change to the engine (unlike 85% ethanol), and it contains more energy for a given volume than ethanol and almost as much as gasoline, so a vehicle using butanol would return fuel consumption more comparable to gasoline than ethanol. Butanol can also be used as a blended additive to diesel fuel to reduce soot emissions. Butanol can be produced by using low-cost, non-food cellulostic feedstocks. Manufacturing with such renewable materials is said to release 70%-80% less greenhouse emissions compared to traditional gasoline or diesel production.
Butanol sees use as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as a paint thinner and a solvent in other coating applications where it is used as a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent in lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It finds other uses such as a component of hydraulic and brake fluids.
It is also used as a base for perfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.
Salts of butanol are chemical intermediates; for example alkali metal salts of tert-butanol are tert-butoxides.
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Descriptions of n-Propyl chloroformate

Description of n-Propyl chloroformate
n-Propyl chloroformate is a colorless liquid. May be decomposed by water. Severely irritates skin and eyes. Very toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Denser than water and vapors heavier than air. Flash point 50°F. Used to make other chemicals. Highly flammable. Water (moisture in air or soil) reacts with generation of heat and hydrochloric acid.
Firefighting
Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.
Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray and foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.
Non-Fire Response of n-Propyl chloroformate
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.
Protective Clothing
For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. 
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Description of Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH

Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
CAS No.:71989-38-3
Molecular formula:C28H29NO5
Molecular weight:459.55
Description of Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
Purity (HPLC):98.5% min
Appearance:White powder
Melting point:146~148℃
Specific rotation(20/D): -27o (c=1, DMF)
assay ≥98.0% (HPLC)
optical activity [α]20/D −29±2°, c = 1% in DMF
storage temp. 2-8°C
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Features of PAM powder (non-ion)

PAM powder (non-ion) can help reduce the sediment load in stormwater runoff. Care should be taken when using these polymers for sediment control. Natural fiber filters, which hold polymer particles, should be used to remove any excess polymer levels in runoff before the water enters a lake or stream. Otherwise, too much of the polymer in aquatic systems can cause adverse long-term effects that may carry through the food chain.
PAM is a linear polymer (anionic polyacrylamide) that electronically binds soil particles together. Treating bare land with PAM during construction activities slows erosion of soil particles and increases the rate at which suspended particles settle out of water.
Features
PAM powder (non-ion) is the monomer homopolymer of Polyacrylamide, it is produced with the procedure of granulation,drying,pulverizing. The apprearance feature of the product is white small particles of powder.
Application
Sewage treatment agent
When the suspended sewage appears acidity,non-ion polyacrylamid is proper to be the flocculant.PAM can work adsorption bridge to produce flocculant setting to suspended particles and clarify the water.This can also be adopted in running water and the optimized effect can be achieved if it is used with conbination of abio-flocculant .
PAM powder (non-ion) is mainly used for sludge dewatering,beneficiation, coal washing and separation of solid and liquid.
It can be used for disposal of industrial sewage and daily waste water.
PAM powder (non-ion) is excellent for paper making and oil field development.
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