What is Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for?

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene. PVC is widely used in construction because it is durable, cheap, and easily worked. PVC production is expected to exceed 40 million tonnes by 2016.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this form, it is used in clothing and upholstery, electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many applications in which it replaces rubber.
Applications
PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications. It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal. With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it has become a popular material for window and door frames. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator. It has been used in many other applications.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables; PVC used for this purpose needs to be plasticized.
uPVC or rigid PVC is extensively used in the building industry as a low-maintenance material, particularly in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and in the United States. In the USA it is known as vinyl, or vinyl siding.[20][21] The material comes in a range of colors and finishes, including a photo-effect wood finish, and is used as a substitute for painted wood, mostly for window frames and sills when installing double glazing in new buildings, or to replace older single glazed windows. It has many other uses including fascia, and siding or weatherboarding. The same material has almost entirely replaced the use of cast iron for plumbing and drainage, being used for waste pipes, drainpipes, gutters and downspouts.
Plasticized PVC is also used to produce thin, colored, or clear, adhesive-backed films referred to simply as vinyl. These films are typically cut on a computer-controlled plotter or printed in a wide-format printer.
PVC has become widely used in clothing, to either create a leather-like material or at times simply for the effect of PVC. PVC clothing is common in Goth, Punk and alternative fashions. PVC is cheaper than rubber, leather, and latex which it is therefore used to simulate.
PVC has been used for a host of consumer products of relatively minor volume compared to the industrial and commercial applications described above.
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What is AKD Wax used for?

AKD Wax is a versatile chemical that easily reacts with substances containing hydrogen atoms in their structural make-up to form an adduct which is highly repellent to water. AKD is an outstanding size for various forms of cellulosic materials especially paper.
AKD Wax Emulsion uses the versatile chemical Alkyl Ketene Dimer or AKD. The chemical AKD in AKD wax emulsion easily reacts with substances containing hydrogen atoms in their structural make-up. This form an adducts with AKD wax emulsion which is highly repellent to water. AKD is an outstanding size for various forms of cellulosic materials, especially paper. Orient manufactures AKD Wax Emulsion and markets it as OPL AKD 15. The appearance of AKD wax emulsion is milky white emulsion.
AKD Wax by senior fatty acid(C≥12)by acylation,hydrogen and made of alkyl ketene dimers,This producs as neutral sizing agent used in the manufacture of powder,paper pulp neutral sizing agent and AKD emulsion.
Use:
Used for processing preparation AKD neutral sizing agent emulsion
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What is Dichloromethane used for?

Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a moderately sweet aroma is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is miscible with many organic solvents. It was first prepared in 1840 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who isolated it from a mixture of chloromethane and chlorine that had been exposed to sunlight.
Uses
Dichloromethane's volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes. Concerns about its health effects have led to a search for alternatives in many of these applications.
It is widely used as a paint stripper and a degreaser. In the food industry, it has been used to decaffeinate coffee and tea as well as to prepare extracts of hops and other flavorings. Its volatility has led to its use as an aerosol spray propellant and as a blowing agent for polyurethane foams.
The chemical compound's low boiling point allows the chemical to function as a heat engine that can extract movement from low grade temperatures. An example of a Dichloromethane heat engine is the drinking bird. The toy works at room temperature.
Dichloromethane chemically welds certain plastics. For example, it is used to seal the casing of electric meters. Often sold as a main component of plastic welding adhesives, it is also used extensively by model building hobbyists for joining plastic components together — it is commonly referred to as "Di-clo."
It is used in the garment printing industry for removal of heat-sealed garment transfers, and its volatility is exploited in novelty items — bubble lights and jukebox displays.
Dichloromethane is used in the material testing field of civil engineering; specifically it is used during the testing of bituminous materials as a solvent to separate the binder from the aggregate of an asphalt or macadam to allow the testing of the materials.
Toxicity
Dichloromethane is the least toxic of the simple chlorohydrocarbons, but it is not without health risks, as its high volatility makes it an acute inhalation hazard. Dichloromethane is also metabolized by the body to carbon monoxide potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Acute exposure by inhalation has resulted in optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Prolonged skin contact can result in the dichloromethane dissolving some of the fatty tissues in skin, resulting in skin irritation or chemical burns.
It may be carcinogenic, as it has been linked to cancer of the lungs, liver, and pancreas in laboratory animals. Dichloromethane crosses the placenta. Fetal toxicity in women who are exposed to it during pregnancy, however, has not been proven. In animal experiments, it was fetotoxic at doses that were maternally toxic but no teratogenic effects were seen.
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What is HOBt(mono hydrate) used for?

Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is mainly used to suppress racemization and improve the efficiency of peptide synthesis. It is a white crystalline powder. Commercial HOBt always contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal) because anhydrous HOBt is explosive.
Use of HOBt(mono hydrate)
Automated peptide synthesis involves the condensation of the amino group of protected amino acids with the activated ester. HOBt is used to produce such activated esters. These esters are insoluble (like the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and react with amines at ambient temperature to give amides.
HOBt is also used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids aside from amino acids. These substrates may not be convertable to the acyl chlorides. For instance amide derivatives of ionophoric antibiotics have been prepared in this way.
Together with laccase, HOBt is also used for bleaching pulps. The method is still on the experimental stage and have yet not been commercialized.
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What is Colloidal Silica used for?

Colloidal Silicas are suspensions of fine amorphous, nonporous, and typically spherical silica particles in a liquid phase.
Properties
Usually they are suspended in an aqueous phase that is stabilized electrostatically. Colloidal silicas exhibit particle densities in the range of 2.1 to 2.3 g/cm3.
Most colloidal silicas are prepared as monodisperse suspensions with particle sizes ranging from approximately 30 to 100 nm in diameter. Polydisperse suspensions can also be synthesized and have roughly the same limits in particle size. Smaller particles are difficult to stabilize while particles much greater than 150 nanometers are subject to sedimentation.
Colloidal silicas are most often prepared in a multi-step process where an alkali-silicate solution is partially neutralized, leading to the formation of silica nuclei. The subunits of colloidal silica particles are typically in the range of 1 to 5 nm. Whether or not these subunits are joined together depends on the conditions of polymerization. Initial acidification of a water-glass (sodium silicate) solution yields Si(OH)4.
Applications
In papermaking colloidal silica is used as a drainage aid. It increases the amount of cationic starch that can be retained in the paper. Cationic starch is added as sizing agent to increase the dry strength of the paper.
High temperature binders
Investment casting - used in moulds
An abrasive - for polishing silicon wafers
Carbonless paper
Catalysts
Moisture Absorbent
It increases the bulk & taped density of powder & granules also
Colloidal Silica is also be used in Lubrication of Tablet
Stabilizing and rigidizing refractory ceramic fiber (fiberfrax) blankets
Abrasion-resistant coatings
Increasing friction - used to coat waxed floors, textile fibers and railway tracks to promote traction
Antisoiling – fills micropores to prevent take up of dirt and other particles into textiles
Surfactant – used for flocculating, coagulating, dispersing, stabilizing etc.
Liquid silicon dioxide (colloidal silica) is used as a wine and juice fining agent.
Absorbent
Colloidal silica is used in concrete densifiers and polished concrete.
In manufacturing Quantum dots, small semi-conductors used in various scientific research settings.
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What is Bis tri-n-butyltin oxide?

Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, or tributyltin oxide (TBTO), is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative. Its chemical formula is C24H54OSn2. It has the form of a thin, colorless to pale yellow liquid with melting point -45 °C, boiling point 180 °C, and slight water solubility (20 ppm). It is combustible and soluble in organic solvents.
Bis tri-n-butyltin oxide is available under names AW 75-D, Bio-Met TBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9, Hexabutyldistannoxane, Hexabutylditin, and others.
Tributyltin oxide is a potent skin irritant.
Tributyltin compounds had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents. Concerns over toxicity of these compounds (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. It is now considered a severe marine pollutant.
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Specifications of Isopropyl chlorocarbonate

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate
CAS No.:108-23-6
Molecular formula:C4H7O2Cl
Molecular weight:122.55
Purity(HPLC):98%min,95%min
Appearance:Colourless liquid with stimulating smell
STORAGE: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.
Physical dangers
The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.
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