Chlorine is a component of various compounds, including table salt. Chlorine was first produced in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Its melting point is -101 °C. Despite the accuracy of his observations, Scheele mistakenly thought the new gas was a dephlostiganated form of muriatic acid. The pure chemical element has the physical form of a diatomic green gas. The name chlorine is derived from chloros, meaning green, referring to the color of the gas.
Chlorine gas is two and one half times as heavy as air, has an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and is exceedingly poisonous. In its liquid and solid form it is a powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Pharmaceuticals containing chlorine include those for treating malaria, whooping cough, typhoid fever and leukemia.
Chlorine is an important chemical in water purification, in disinfectants, in bleach and in mustard gas. It is used to kill bacteria and other microbes from drinking water supplies. Chlorine is also used widely in the manufacture of many products and items directly or indirectly, i.e. in paper product production, antiseptic, dyestuffs, food, insecticides, paints, petroleum products, plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents, and many other consumer products.
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